Such categories as culture and religion have been regarded as the most essential elements of soft power in each country of today. Interweaven state of the two elements forms a considerably powerful and useful phrase as religious culture, the vital agent of authority and development societies. As is understood by the paper, in a mental definition by culture is meant public awareness on the environment while in a reality-based definition by it is meant the state and spirit ruling social and environmental attitudes and interactions. Such being the case, by religious culture is meant the same meaning in the case that it has been based upon religious teachings. Needless to say, religious culture is the obligation-based aspect of social culture. The method used in the paper is a library-based and descriptive-analytical one.

Objective:This article first seeks to identify existential themes and concepts in entrepreneurship on one hand and themes and components of entrepreneurial action on the other hand. It also seeks to determine the interrelated components and concepts of entrepreneurial action with the existential themes and outlines how themes of these two fields are related.Method:This is a qualitative research and in terms of its purpose is fundamental. its methodology includes phenomenology and comparative comparison. after studying the literature of existentialism and conducting phenomenological interviews with 5 entrepreneurs, existential themes in entrepreneurship were extracted. then, by studying the literature of entrepreneurial action its components were identified. finally, through comparative comparison, interpretive analysis, and the use of thematic coding, the relation of each of the components of entrepreneurial action with existential themes was determined.Results:51 existential themes in entrepreneurship were elicited Due to analyzing the results of the interviews and came in 8 main clusters. also, 39 components of entrepreneurial action implied in the literature were extracted and categorized into 7 main clusters. In the end it was depicted which components of entrepreneurial action are related to which themes of existentialism. 30 out of 40 components of entrepreneurial action were identified to have a semantic and conceptual relation with existential themes.Conclusion:The findings indicates that entrepreneurial action can be well understood and interpreted by existentialism and shows deep relation between these two scientific and conceptual fields.

This article is an attempt to give pragmatic criteria for the recognition of the polysemy and homonymy. The difference between polysemy words and the homonymy ones, is one of the common issues in books and some articles of semantics, but the criteria that linguists have put forward in this regard is not unpopular when tested. The manner in which this paper proposes to re-examine the causes of polysemy in words. By providing examples of poetry Dehkhoda’ s dictionary, we emphasized the conjugal relations of words and tissues of the language, in which the term is contained. therefore, it is possible to use the same criteria in the separation of the polysemy and homonymy. However, some of the meanings that the authors of the Dehkhoda’ s dictionary have brought can be a source of doubt, but a lot of evidence is useful. We did not refer to the texts because of the choice of the dictionary.

Exploiting semantic content of texts due to its wide range of applications such as finding related documents to a query, document classification and computing semantic similarity of documents has always been an important and challenging issue in Natural Language Processing. In this paper, using Wikipedia corpus and organizing it by three-dimensional tensor structure, a novel corpus-based approach for computing semantic similarity of texts is proposed. For this purpose, first the semantic vector of available words in documents are obtained from the vector space derived from available words in Wikipedia articles, then the semantic vector of documents is formed according to their words vector. Consequently, semantic similarity of a pair of documents is computed by comparing their corresponding semantic vectors. Moreover, due to existence of high dimensional vectors, the vector space of Wikipedia corpus will cause curse of dimensionality. On the other hand, vectors in high-dimension space are Usually very similar to each other. In this way, it would be meaningless and vain to identify the most appropriate semantic vector for the words. Therefore, the proposed approach tries to improve the effect of the curse of dimensionality by reducing the vector space dimensions through random indexing. Moreover, the random indexing makes significant improvement in memory consumption of the proposed approach by reducing the vector space dimensions. Additionally, the capability of addressing synonymous and polysemous words will be feasible in the proposed approach by means of the structured co-occurrence through random indexing.